data center design

Open Networking

Open Networking

In today's digital age, where connectivity is the lifeline of businesses and individuals alike, open networking has emerged as a transformative approach. This blogpost delves into the concept of open networking, its benefits, and its potential to revolutionize the way we connect and communicate.

Open networking refers to a networking model that promotes interoperability, flexibility, and innovation. Unlike traditional closed networks that rely on proprietary systems, open networking embraces open standards, open source software, and open APIs. This approach enables organizations to break free from vendor lock-in, customize their network infrastructure, and foster collaborative development.

Enhanced Agility and Scalability: Open networking empowers businesses to adapt swiftly to changing requirements. By decoupling hardware and software layers, organizations gain the flexibility to scale their networks seamlessly and introduce new services efficiently. This agility is crucial in today's dynamic business landscape.

Cost-Effectiveness: With open networking, businesses can leverage commodity hardware and software-defined solutions, reducing capital expenditures. Moreover, the use of open source software eliminates costly licensing fees, making it an economically viable option for organizations of all sizes.

Interoperability and Vendor Neutrality: Open networking promotes interoperability between different vendors' products, fostering a vendor-neutral environment. This not only frees organizations from vendor lock-in but also encourages healthy competition, driving innovation and ensuring the best solutions for their specific needs.

Data Centers and Cloud Networks: Open networking has found significant applications in data centers and cloud networks. By embracing open standards and software-defined architectures, organizations can create agile and scalable infrastructure, enabling efficient management of virtual resources and enhancing overall performance.

Campus Networks and Enterprise Connectivity: In the realm of campus networks, open networking allows organizations to tailor their network infrastructure to meet specific demands. Through open APIs and programmability, businesses can integrate various systems and applications, enhancing connectivity, security, and productivity.

Telecommunications and Service Providers: Telecommunications and service providers can leverage open networking to deliver innovative services and improve customer experiences. By adopting open source solutions and virtualization, they can enhance network efficiency, reduce costs, and introduce new revenue streams with ease.

Open networking presents a transformative paradigm shift, empowering organizations to unleash the full potential of connectivity. By embracing open standards, flexibility, and collaboration, businesses can achieve enhanced agility, cost-effectiveness, and interoperability. Whether in data centers, campus networks, or telecommunications, open networking opens doors to innovation and empowers organizations to shape their network infrastructure according to their unique needs.

Highlights: Open Networking

**Fostering Innovation**

a) Open Networking refers to a network where networking hardware devices are separated from software code. Enterprises can flexibly choose equipment, software, and networking operating systems (OS) by using open standards and bare-metal hardware. An open network provides flexibility, agility, and programmability.

b) Additionally, open networking effectively separates hardware from software. This approach enhances component compatibility, interoperability, and expandability. In this way, enterprises gain greater flexibility, which facilitates their development.

c) Open networking relies on open standards, which allow for seamless integration between different hardware and software components, regardless of the vendor. This approach not only reduces dependency on single-source suppliers but also encourages a competitive market, fostering innovation and driving down costs.

d) Furthermore, open networking solutions are often built on open-source software, which benefits from the collective expertise of a global community of developers and engineers.

At present, Open Networking is enabled by: 

  • A. Open Source Software 
  • B. Open Network Devices 
  • C. Open Compute Hardware 
  • D. Software Defined Networks 
  • E. Network Function Virtualisation 
  • F. Cloud Computing 
  • G. Automation 
  • H. Agile Methods & Processes 

Defining Open Networking

Open Networking is much broader than other definitions, but it’s the only definition that doesn’t create more solution silos or bend the solution outcome to a buzzword or competing technology.  There is a need for a holistic definition of open networking that is inclusive and holistic and produces the best results. 

As a result of these technologies, hardware-based, specific-function, and proprietary components are being replaced by more generic and more straightforward hardware, and software is being migrated to perform more critical functions.

Open Networking in Practice:

Open Networking is already making its mark across various industries. Cloud service providers, for example, rely heavily on Open Networking principles to build scalable and flexible data center networks. Telecom operators also embrace Open Networking to deploy virtualized network functions, enabling them to offer services more efficiently and adapt to changing customer demands.

**Role of SDN and NFV**

Moreover, adopting software-defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) further accelerates the realization of the benefits of open networking. SDN separates the control plane from the data plane, providing centralized network management and programmability. NFV virtualizes network functions, allowing for dynamic provisioning and scalability. 

A. Use Cases and Real-World Examples: 

Data Centers and Cloud Computing: Open networking has gained significant traction in data centers and cloud computing environments. By leveraging open networking principles, organizations can build scalable and flexible data center networks that seamlessly integrate with cloud platforms, enabling efficient data management and resource allocation.

**Separate Control from Data Plane**

Software-Defined Networking (SDN): SDN is an example of open networking principles. By separating the control plane from the data plane, SDN enables centralized network management, automation, and programmability. This approach empowers network administrators to dynamically configure and optimize network resources, improving performance and reducing operational overhead.

B. Key Open Networking Projects:

Open Network Operating System (ONOS): ONOS is a collaborative project that focuses on creating an open-source, carrier-grade SDN (Software-Defined Networking) operating system. It provides a scalable platform for building network applications and services, facilitating innovation and interoperability.

OpenDaylight (ODL): ODL is a modular, extensible, open-source SDN controller platform. It aims to accelerate SDN adoption by providing developers and network operators with a common platform to build and deploy network applications.

FRRouting (FRR): FRR is an open-source IP routing protocol suite that supports various routing protocols, including OSPF, BGP, and IS-IS. It offers a flexible and scalable routing solution, enabling network operators to optimize their routing infrastructure.

The Role of Transformation

Infrastructure: Embrace Transformation:

To undertake an effective SDN data center transformation strategy, we must accept that demands on data center networks come from internal end-users, external customers, and considerable changes in the application architecture. All of these factors put pressure on traditional data center architecture.

Dealing effectively with these demands requires the network domain to become more dynamic, potentially introducing Open Networking and Open Networking solutions. For this to occur, we must embrace digital transformation and the changes it will bring to our infrastructure. Unfortunately, keeping current methods is holding back this transition.

Modern Network Infrastructure:

In modern network infrastructures, as has been the case on the server side for many years, customers demand supply chain diversification regarding hardware and silicon vendors. This diversification reduces the Total Cost of Ownership because businesses can drive better cost savings. In addition, replacing the hardware underneath can be seamless because the software above is standard across both vendors.

Leaf and Spine Architecture:

Further, as architectures streamline and spine leaf architecture increases from the data center to the backbone and the Edge, a typical software architecture across all these environments brings operational simplicity. This perfectly aligns with the broader trend of IT/OT convergence.  

Working with Open Source Software

Linux Networking

One remarkable aspect of Linux networking is the abundance of powerful tools available for network configuration. From the traditional ifconfig and route commands to the more recent ip command, this section will introduce various tools and their functionalities.

Virtual Switching: Open vSwitch

What is Open vSwitch?

Open vSwitch is a multilayer virtual switch that enables network automation and management in virtualized environments. It bridges virtual machines (VMs) and the physical network, allowing seamless communication and control over network traffic. With its extensible architecture and robust feature set, Open vSwitch offers a flexible and scalable networking solution.

Open vSwitch offers many features, making it a popular choice among network administrators and developers. Some of its key capabilities include:

1. Virtual Network Switching: Open vSwitch can create and manage virtual switches, ports, and bridges, creating complex network topologies within virtualized environments.

2. Flow Control: With Open vSwitch, you can define and control network traffic flow using flow rules. This enables advanced traffic management, filtering, and QoS (Quality of Service) capabilities.

3. Integration with SDN Controllers: Open vSwitch seamlessly integrates with various Software-Defined Networking (SDN) controllers, providing centralized management and control of network resources.

Containers & Docker Networking

Docker networking revolves around containers, networks, and endpoints. Containers are isolated environments that run applications, while networks act as virtual channels for communication. Endpoints, on the other hand, are unique identifiers attached to containers within a network. Understanding these fundamental concepts is crucial for grasping Docker network connectivity.

Docker Networking Fundamentals

Docker networking operates on a virtual network that allows containers to communicate securely. Docker creates a bridge network called “docker0” by default and assigns each container a unique IP address. This isolation ensures that containers can run independently without interfering with each other.

The default bridge network in Docker is an internal network that connects containers running on the same host. Containers within this network can communicate with each other using IP addresses. However, containers on different hosts cannot directly communicate over the bridge network.

Orchestrator: Understanding Docker Swarm

Docker Swarm, a native clustering and orchestration tool for Docker, allows the management of a cluster of Docker nodes as a single virtual system. It provides high availability, scalability, and ease of use for deploying and managing containerized applications. With its intuitive user interface and powerful command-line interface, Docker Swarm simplifies managing container clusters.

Related: For pre-information, you may find the following posts helpful:

  1. OpenFlow Protocol
  2. Software-defined Perimeter Solutions
  3. Network Configuration Automation
  4. SASE Definition
  5. Network Overlays
  6. Overlay Virtual Networking

Open Networking Solutions

Open Networking: The Solutions

Now, let’s look at the evolution of data centers to see how we can achieve this modern infrastructure. To evolve and keep up with current times, you should use technology and your infrastructure as practical tools. You will be able to drive the entire organization to become digital. Of course, the network components will play a key role. Still, the digital transformation process is an enterprise-wide initiative focusing on fabric-wide automation and software-defined networking.

A. Lacking fabric-wide automation:

One central pain point I have seen throughout networking is the necessity to dispense with manual work lacking fabric-wide automation. In addition, it’s common to deploy applications by combining multiple services that run on a distributed set of resources. As a result, configuration and maintenance are much more complex than in the past. You have two options to implement all of this.

Undertaking Manual or Automated Approach

First, you can connect these services by manually spinning up the servers, installing the necessary packages, and SSHing to each one. Alternatively, you can go toward open network solutions with automation, particularly Ansible automation with Ansible Engine or Ansible Tower with automation mesh. As automation best practice, use Ansible variables for flexible playbook creation that can be easily shared and used amongst different environments.  

B. Fabric-wide automation and SDN:

However, deploying a VRF or any technology, such as an anycast gateway, is a dynamic global command in a software-defined environment. We now have fabric-wide automation and can deploy with one touch instead of numerous box-by-box configurations. 

We are moving from a box-by-box configuration to the atomic programming of a single entity’s distributing fabric. This allows us to carry out deployments with one configuration point quickly and without human error.

C. Configuration management:

Manipulating configuration files by hand is tedious, error-prone, and time-consuming. Equally, performing pattern matching to make changes to existing files is risky. The manual approach will result in configuration drift, where some servers will drift from the desired state. 

Configuration Drift: Configuration drift is caused by inconsistent configuration items across devices, usually due to manual changes and updates and not following the automation path. Ansible architecture can maintain the desired state across various managed assets.

Storing Managed Assets: Managed assets, which can range from distributed firewalls to Linux hosts, are stored in an inventory file, which can be static or dynamic. Dynamic inventories are best suited for a cloud environment where you want to gather host information dynamically. Ansible is all about maintaining the desired state for your domain.

Challenge: The issue of Silos

To date, the networking industry has been controlled by a few vendors. We have dealt with proprietary silos in the data center, campus/enterprise, and service provider environments. The major vendors will continue to provide a vertically integrated lock-in solution for most customers. They will not allow independent, 3rd party network operating system software to run on their silicon.

Required: Modular & Open

Typically, these silos were able to solve the problems of the time. The modern infrastructure needs to be modular, open, and straightforward. Vendors need to allow independent, 3rd party network operating systems to run on their silicon to break from being a vertically integrated lock-in solution. Cisco has started this for the broader industry regarding open networking solutions with the announcement of the Cisco Silicon ONE. 

The Rise of Open Networking Solutions

New data center requirements have emerged; therefore, the network infrastructure must break the silos and transform to meet these trending requirements. One can view the network transformation as moving from a static and conservative mindset that results in cost overrun and inefficiencies to a dynamic routed environment that is simple, scalable, secure, and can reach the far edge. For effective network transformation, we need several stages. 

**Routed Data Center Design**

Firstly, transition to a routed data center design with a streamlined leaf-spine architecture and a standard operating system across cloud, Edge, and 5G networks. A viable approach would be to do all this with open standards, without proprietary mechanisms. Then, we need good visibility.

**Networking and Visibility**

As part of the transformation, the network is no longer considered a black box that needs to be available and provide connectivity to services. Instead, the network is a source of deep visibility that can aid a large set of use cases: network performance, monitoring, security, and capacity planning, to name a few. However, visibility is often overlooked with an over-focus on connectivity and not looking at the network as a valuable source of information.

**Monitoring at a Flow level**

For efficient network management, we must provide deep visibility for the application at a flow level on any port and device type. You would deploy a redundant monitoring network if you want something comparable today. Such a network would consist of probes, packet brokers, and tools to process the packet for metadata.

**Packet Brokers: Traditional Tooling**

Traditional network monitoring tools like packet brokers require life cycle management. A more viable solution would integrate network visibility into the fabric and would not need many components. This would enable us to do more with the data and aid in agility for ongoing network operations.

Note: Observability: Detecting the unknown

There will always be some requirement for application optimization or a security breach, where visibility can help you quickly resolve these issues. Monitoring is used to detect known problems and is only valid with pre-defined dashboards that show a problem you have seen before, such as capacity reaching its limit.

On the other hand, we have the practices of Observability that can detect unknown situations and are used to aid those in getting to the root cause of any problem, known or unknown: 

Example Visibility Technology: sFlow

What is sFlow?

sFlow is a network monitoring technology that allows for real-time, granular network traffic analysis. By sampling packets at high speeds, sFlow provides a comprehensive view of network behavior, capturing key data such as source and destination addresses, port numbers, and traffic volumes. This invaluable information serves as the foundation for network optimization and security.

Evolution of the Data Center

**Several Important Design Phases**

We are transitioning, and the data center has undergone several design phases. Initially, we started with layer 2 silos, suitable for the north-to-south traffic flows. However, layer 2 designs hindered east-west communication traffic flows of modern applications and restricted agility, which led to a push to break network boundaries.

**Layer 3 Routing & Overlay Networking**

Hence, routing at the top of the rack (ToR) with overlays between ToR is moved to drive inter-application communication. This is the most efficient approach, which can be accomplished in several ways. 

The demand for leaf and spine “clos” started in the data center and spread to other environments. A closed network is a type of non-blocking, multistage switching architecture.

This network design extends from the central/backend data center to the micro data centers at the EdgeEdge. Various parts of the edge network, PoPs, central offices, and packet core have all been transformed into leaf and spine “clos” designs. 

The network overlay

When increasing agility, building a complete network overlay is common to all software-defined technologies. An overlay is a solution abstracted from the underlying physical infrastructure. This means separating and disaggregating the customer applications or services from the network infrastructure. Think of it as a sandbox or private network for each application on an existing network.

Example: Overlay Networking with VXLAN

The network overlay is more often created with VXLAN. The Cisco ACI uses an ACI network of VXLAN for the overlay, and the underlay is a combination of BGP and IS-IS. The overlay abstracts a lot of complexity, and Layer 2 and 3 traffic separation is done with a VXLAN network identifier (VNI).

The VXLAN overlay

VXLAN uses a 24-bit network segment ID, called a VXLAN network identifier (VNI), for identification. This is much larger than the 12 bits used for traditional VLAN identification. The VNI is just a fancy name for a VLAN ID, but it now supports up to 16 Million VXLAN segments. 

Challenge: Traditional VLANs

This is considerably more than the traditional 4094-supported endpoints with VLANs. Not only does this provide more hosts, but it also enables better network isolation capabilities, with many little VXLAN segments instead of one large VLAN domain.

Required: Better Isolation and Scalability

The VXLAN network has become the de facto overlay protocol and brings many advantages to network architecture regarding flexibility, isolation, and scalability. VXLAN effectively implements an Ethernet segment that virtualizes a thick Ethernet cable.

Use Case: – **VXLAN Flood and Learn**

Flood and learn is a crucial mechanism within VXLAN that enables the dynamic discovery of VXLAN tunnels and associated endpoints. When a VXLAN packet reaches a switch, and the destination MAC address is unknown, the switch utilizes flood and learns to broadcast the packet to all its VXLAN tunnels. The receiving tunnel endpoints then examine the packet, learn the source MAC address, and update their forwarding tables accordingly.

Traditional policy deployment

Traditionally, deploying an application to the network involves propagating the policy to work through the entire infrastructure. Why? Because the network acts as an underlay, segmentation rules configured on the underlay are needed to separate different applications and services.

This creates a rigid architecture that cannot react quickly and adapt to changes, therefore lacking agility. The applications and the physical network are tightly coupled. Now, we can have a policy in the overlay network with proper segmentation per customer.

1. Virtual Networking & ToR switches

Virtual networks and those built with VXLAN are built from servers or ToR switches. Either way, the underlying network transports the traffic and doesn’t need to be configured to accommodate the customer application. Everything, including the policy, is done in the overlay network, which is most efficient when done in a fully distributed manner.

2. Flexibility of Overlay Networking

Now, application and service deployment occurs without touching the physical infrastructure. For example, if you need to have Layer 2 or Layer 3 paths across the data center network, you don’t need to tweak a VLAN or change routing protocols.  Instead, you add a VXLAN overlay network. This approach removes the tight coupling between the application and network, creating increased agility and simplicity in deploying applications and services.

**Key Point: Extending from the data center**

Edge computing creates a fundamental disruption among the business infrastructure teams. We no longer have the framework where IT only looks at the backend software, such as Office365, and OT looks at the routing and switching product-centric elements. There is convergence.

Therefore, you need many open APIs. The edge computing paradigm brings processing closer to the end devices, reducing latency and improving the end-user experience. It would help if you had a network that could work with this model to support this. Having different siloed solutions does not work. 

3. Required: Common software architecture

So the data center design went from the layer 2 silo to the leaf and spine architecture with routing to the ToR. However, there is another missing piece. We need a standard operating software architecture across all the domains and location types for switching and routing to reduce operating costs. The problem remains that even on one site, there can be several different operating systems.

I have experienced the operational challenge of having many Cisco operating systems on one site through recent consultancy engagements. For example, I had an IOS XR for service provider product lines, IOS XE for enterprise, and NS OX for the data center, all on a single site.

4. Challenge: The traditional integrated vendor

Traditionally, networking products were a combination of hardware and software that had to be purchased as an integrated solution. Conversely, open networking disaggregates hardware from software, allowing IT to mix and match at will.

With Open Networking, we are not reinventing how packets are forwarded or routers communicate. With Open Networking solutions, you are never alone and never the only vendor. The value of software-defined networking and Open Networking is doing as much as possible in software so you don’t depend on delivering new features from a new generation of hardware. If you want a new part, it’s quickly implemented in software without swapping the hardware or upgrading line cards.

5. Required: Move intelligence to software.

You want to move as much intelligence as possible into software, thus removing the intelligence from the physical layer. You don’t want to build in hardware features; you want to use the software to provide the new features. This is a critical philosophy and is the essence of Open Networking. Software becomes the central point of intelligence, not the hardware; this intelligence is delivered fabric-wide.

As we have seen with the rise of SASE, customers gain more agility as they can move from generation to generation of services without hardware dependency and without the operational costs of constantly swapping out the hardware.

**SDN Network Design Options**

We have both controller and controllerless options. With a controllerless solution, setup is faster, agility increases, and robustness in single-point-of-failure is provided, particularly for out-of-band management, i.e., connecting all the controllers.

SDN Controllerless & Controller architecture:

A controllerless architecture is more self-healing; anything in the overlay network is also part of the control plane resilience. An SDN controller or controller cluster may add complexity and impede resiliency. Since the network depends on them for operation, they become a single point of failure and can impact network performance. The intelligence kept in a controller can be a point of attack.

So, there are workarounds where the data plane can continue forward without an SDN controller but always avoid a single point of failure or complex ways to have a quorum in a control-based architecture.

We have two main types of automation to consider: day 0 and days 1-2. First and foremost, day 0 automation simplifies and reduces human error when building the infrastructure. Days 1-2 touch the customer more. This may include installing services quickly, e.g., VRF configuration and building Automation into the fabric. 

A. Day 0 automation

As I said, day 0 automation builds basic infrastructures, such as routing protocols and connection information. These stages need to be carried out before installing VLANs or services. Typical tools that software-defined networking uses are Ansible or your internal applications to orchestrate the building of the network.

Fabric Automation Tools

These are known as fabric automation tools. Once the tools discover the switches, the devices are connected in a particular way, and the fabric network is built without human intervention. It simplifies traditional automation, which is helpful in day 0 automation environments.

  • Configuration Management: Ansible is a configuration management tool that can help alleviate manual challenges. Ansible replaces the need for an operator to tune configuration files manually and does an excellent job in application deployment and orchestrating multi-deployment scenarios.  
  • Pre-deployed infrastructure: Ansible does not deploy the infrastructure; you could use other solutions like Terraform that are best suited for this. Terraform is infrastructure as a code tool. Ansible is often described as a configuration management tool and is typically mentioned along the same lines as Puppet, Chef, and Salt. However, there is a considerable difference in how they operate.

Most notably, the installation of agents. Ansible automation is relatively easy to install as it is agentless. The Ansible architecture can be used in large environments with Ansible Tower using the execution environment and automation mesh. I have recently encountered an automation mesh, a powerful overlay feature that enables automation closer to the network’s edge.

Ansible ensures that the managed asset’s current state meets the desired state. It is all about state management. It does this with Ansible Playbooks, more specifically, YAML playbooks. A playbook is a term Ansible uses for a configuration management script that ensures the desired state is met. Essentially, playbooks are Ansible’s configuration management scripts. 

B. Day 1-2 automation

With day 1-2 automation, SDN does two things.

Firstly, installing or provisioning services automatically across the fabric is possible. With one command, human error is eliminated. The fabric synchronizes the policies across the entire network. It automates and disperses the provisioning operations across all devices. This level of automation is not classical, as this strategy is built into the SDN infrastructure. 

Secondly, it integrates network operations and services with virtualization infrastructure managers such as OpenStack, VCenter, OpenDaylight, or, at an advanced level, OpenShift networking SDN. How does the network adapt to the instantiation of new workloads via the systems? The network admin should not even be in the loop if, for example, a new virtual machine (VM) is created. 

A signal that a VM with specific configurations should be created should be propagated to all fabric elements. When the virtualization infrastructure managers provide a new service, you shouldn’t need to touch the network. This represents the ultimate agility as you remove the network components. 

Summary: Open Networking

Networking is vital in bringing people and ideas together in today’s interconnected world. Traditional closed networks have their limitations, but with the emergence of open networking, a new era of connectivity and collaboration has dawned. This blog post explored the concept of open networking, its benefits, and its impact on various industries and communities.

What is Open Networking?

Open networking uses open standards, open-source software, and open APIs to build and manage networks. Unlike closed networks that rely on proprietary systems and protocols, open networking promotes interoperability, flexibility, and innovation. It allows organizations to customize and optimize their networks based on their unique requirements.

Benefits of Open Networking

Enhanced Scalability and Agility: Open networking enables organizations to scale their networks more efficiently and adapt to changing needs. Decoupling hardware and software makes adding or removing network components easier, making the network more agile and responsive.

Cost Savings: With open networking, organizations can choose hardware and software components from multiple vendors, promoting competition and reducing costs. This eliminates vendor lock-in and allows organizations to use cost-effective solutions without compromising performance or reliability.

Innovation and Collaboration: Open networking fosters innovation by encouraging collaboration among vendors, developers, and users. Developers can create new applications and services that leverage the network infrastructure with open APIs and open-source software. This leads to a vibrant ecosystem of solutions that continually push the boundaries of what networks can achieve.

Open Networking in Various Industries

Telecommunications: Open networking has revolutionized the telecommunications industry. Telecom operators can now build and manage their networks using standard hardware and open-source software, reducing costs and enabling faster service deployments. It has also paved the way for the adoption of virtualization technologies like Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN).

Data Centers: Open networking has gained significant traction in the world of data centers. Data center operators can achieve greater agility and scalability using open standards and software-defined networking. Open networking also allows for better integration with cloud platforms and the ability to automate network provisioning and management.

Enterprise Networks: Enterprises are increasingly embracing open networking to gain more control over their networks and reduce costs. Open networking solutions offer greater flexibility regarding hardware and software choices, enabling enterprises to tailor their networks to meet specific business needs. It also facilitates seamless integration with cloud services and enhances network security.

Open networking has emerged as a powerful force in today’s digital landscape. Its ability to promote interoperability, scalability, and innovation makes it a game-changer in various industries. Whether revolutionizing telecommunications, transforming data centers, or empowering enterprises, open networking connects the world in ways we never thought possible.

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Brownfield Network Automation

Brownfield Network Automation

In today's rapidly advancing technological landscape, the efficient management and automation of networks has become crucial for businesses to thrive. While greenfield networks are often designed with automation in mind, brownfield networks present a unique set of challenges. In this blog post, we will explore the world of brownfield network automation, its benefits, implementation strategies, and the future it holds.

Brownfield networks refer to existing networks that have been established over time, typically with a mix of legacy and modern infrastructure. These networks often lack the built-in automation capabilities of newer networks, making the implementation of automation a complex endeavor.

Automating brownfield networks brings forth numerous advantages. Firstly, it enhances operational efficiency by reducing manual interventions and human errors. Secondly, it enables faster troubleshooting and improves network reliability. Additionally, automation allows for better scalability and prepares networks for future advancements.

Implementing automation in brownfield networks requires a systematic approach. Firstly, a comprehensive network assessment should be conducted to identify existing infrastructure, equipment, and protocols. Next, a phased approach can be taken, starting with low-risk areas and gradually expanding automation to critical components. It is crucial to ensure seamless integration with existing systems and thorough testing before deployment.

Automation in brownfield networks can face challenges such as outdated equipment, incompatible protocols, and lack of standardized documentation. To overcome these obstacles, a combination of hardware and software upgrades, protocol conversions, and meticulous planning is essential. Collaboration among network engineers, IT teams, and vendors is also crucial to address these challenges effectively.

As technologies like Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) continue to evolve, brownfield network automation is poised for significant advancements. The integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning will further streamline network operations, predictive maintenance, and intelligent decision-making.

Brownfield network automation opens up a world of possibilities for businesses seeking to optimize their existing networks. Despite the challenges, the benefits are substantial, ranging from increased efficiency and reliability to future-proofing the infrastructure. By embracing automation, organizations can unlock the full potential of their brownfield networks and stay ahead in the ever-evolving digital landscape.

Highlights: Brownfield Network Automation

### The Challenges of Automation

Automating brownfield networks presents unique challenges. Unlike greenfield projects, where you start from scratch, brownfield automation must work within the constraints of existing systems. This includes dealing with legacy hardware that may not support modern protocols, software that lacks API integration, and a complex web of dependencies that have built up over time. Identifying these challenges early is crucial for any successful automation project.

### Strategies for Successful Automation

To tackle these challenges, businesses need a strategic approach. This often involves conducting a thorough audit of the existing network to understand its current state and dependencies. Once this is completed, companies can start by implementing automation in less critical areas, gradually expanding as they refine their processes. This incremental approach helps in mitigating risks and allows for testing and optimization before full-scale deployment. Leveraging modern tools such as network controllers and orchestration platforms can simplify this process.

### The Role of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is playing a significant role in the automation of brownfield networks. By utilizing AI, businesses can predict network issues before they occur, optimize resource allocation, and enhance overall network performance. AI-driven analytics provide insights that were previously inaccessible, allowing for more informed decision-making. As AI technology continues to evolve, its integration into brownfield automation strategies becomes not only beneficial but essential.

Understanding Brownfield Networks

Brownfield networks refer to existing network infrastructures that have been operating for some time. These networks often consist of legacy and modern components, making automation complex. However, the right approach can transform brownfield networks into agile and automated environments.

Automating brownfield networks offers numerous advantages. Firstly, it streamlines network management processes, reducing human errors and increasing operational efficiency. Secondly, automation enables quicker troubleshooting and problem resolution, minimizing downtime and enhancing network reliability. Additionally, brownfield network automation allows easier compliance with security and regulatory requirements.

While the benefits are substantial, implementing brownfield network automation does come with its fair share of challenges. One major hurdle is integrating legacy systems with modern automation tools. Legacy systems often lack the necessary APIs and standardization required for seamless automation. Overcoming this challenge necessitates careful planning, testing, and potentially using intermediary solutions.

Strategies for Successful Implementation:

A systematic approach is crucial to successfully implementing brownfield network automation. Thoroughly assess the existing network infrastructure, identifying areas that can benefit the most from automation. Prioritizing automation tasks and starting with smaller, manageable projects can help build momentum and demonstrate the value of automation to stakeholders. Collaboration between network engineers, automation experts, and stakeholders is critical to ensuring a smooth transition.

Implementing brownfield network automation may face resistance from stakeholders comfortable with the status quo. Clear communication about automation’s benefits and long-term vision is vital to overcome this. Demonstrating tangible results through pilot projects and showcasing success stories from early adopters can help build trust and gain buy-in from decision-makers.

Challenges of Brownfield Automation:

Implementing network automation in a brownfield environment poses unique challenges. Legacy systems, diverse hardware, and complex configurations often hinder the seamless integration of automation tools. Additionally, inadequate documentation and a lack of standardized processes can make it challenging to streamline the automation process. However, with careful planning and a systematic approach, these challenges can be overcome, leading to significant improvements in network efficiency.

Benefits of Brownfield Network Automation:

1. Enhanced Efficiency: Brownfield Network Automation enables organizations to automate repetitive manual tasks, reducing the risk of human errors and increasing operational efficiency. Network engineers can focus on more strategic initiatives by eliminating the need for manual configuration changes.

2. Improved Agility: Automating an existing network allows businesses to respond quickly to changing requirements. With automation, network changes can be made swiftly, enabling organizations to adapt to evolving business needs and market demands.

3. Cost Savings: By automating existing networks, organizations can optimize resource utilization, reduce downtime, and improve troubleshooting capabilities. This leads to substantial operational expense savings and increased return on investment.

4. Seamless Integration: Brownfield Network Automation allows for integrating new technologies and services with existing network infrastructure. Businesses can seamlessly introduce new applications, services, and security measures by leveraging automation without disrupting existing operations.

5. Enhanced Network Security: Automation enables consistent enforcement of security policies, ensuring compliance and reducing the risk of human error. Organizations can strengthen their network defenses and safeguard critical data by automating security configurations.

Role of automation

As a result, network devices are still configured like snowflakes (having many one-off, nonstandard configurations), and network engineers take pride in solving transport and application problems by making one-time network changes that ultimately make the network harder to maintain, manage, and automate.

Automation and management of network infrastructure should not be treated as add-ons or secondary projects. Budgeting for personnel and tools is crucial. It is common for tooling to be cut first during budget shortages.

**Deterministic outcomes**

An enterprise organization’s change review meeting examines upcoming network changes, their impacts on external systems, and rollback plans. Typing the wrong command can have catastrophic consequences in a world where humans use the CLI. Many different teams can work together, whether they are three-person teams, four-person teams, or fifty-person teams. Every engineer can implement that upcoming change differently. A CLI and GUI do not eliminate or reduce the possibility of error during a change control window.

The executive team will be able to achieve deterministic outcomes by automating the network, which increases the chances that the task will be completed correctly the first time by making changes manually rather than automating the network. Changing VLANs to onboard a new customer may be necessary, which requires several network changes.

**The Traditional CLI**

Software companies that build automation for network components have an assumption that traditional management platforms don’t apply to what is considered to be the modern network. Networks are complex and contain many moving parts and ways to be configured. So, what does it mean to automate the contemporary network when considering brownfield network automation? Innovation in this area has been lacking for so long until now with ansible automation.

If you have multi-vendor equipment and can’t connect to all those devices, breaking into the automation space is complex, and the command line interface (CLI) will live a long life. This has been a natural barrier to entry for innovation in the automation domain.

**Automation with Ansible**

But now we have the Ansible architecture using Ansible variables, NETCONF, and many other standard modeling structures that allow automation vendors to communicate to all types of networks, such as brownfield networks, greenfield networks, multi-vendor networks, etc. These data modeling tools and techniques enable an agnostic programmable viewpoint into the network.

The network elements still need to move to a NETCONF-type infrastructure, but we see all major vendors, such as Cisco, moving in this direction. Moving off the CLI and building programmable interfaces is a massive move for network programmability and open networking.

For pre-information, visit the following.

  1. Network Configuration Automation
  2. CASB Tools
  3. Blockchain-Based Applications

Brownfield Network Automation

Network devices have massive static and transient data buried inside, and using open-source tools or building your own gets you access to this data. Examples of this type of data include active entries in the BGP table, OSPF adjacencies, active neighbors, interface statistics, specific counters and resets, and even counters from application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) themselves on newer platforms. So, how do we get the best of this data, and how can automation help you here?

A key point: Ansible Tower

To operationalize your environment and drive automation to production, you need everything centrally managed and better role-based access. For this, you could use Ansible Tower, which has several Ansible features, such as scheduling, job templates, and a project, that help you safely enable automation in the enterprise at scale.

Best Practices for Brownfield Network Automation:

1. Comprehensive Network Assessment: Conduct a thorough assessment of the existing network infrastructure, identifying areas that can benefit from automation and potential obstacles.

2. Standardization and Documentation: Establish standardized processes and documentation to ensure consistency across the network. This will help streamline the automation process and simplify troubleshooting.

3. Gradual Implementation: Adopt a phased approach to brownfield automation, starting with low-risk tasks and gradually expanding to more critical areas. This minimizes disruption and allows for easy troubleshooting.

4. Collaboration and Training: Foster collaboration between network engineers and automation specialists. Training the network team on automation tools and techniques is crucial to ensure successful implementation and ongoing maintenance.

5. Continuous Monitoring and Optimization: Regularly monitor and fine-tune automated processes to optimize network performance. This includes identifying and addressing any bottlenecks or issues

Brownfield Network Automation; DevOps Tools

Generally, you have to use DevOps tools, orchestrators, and controllers to do the jobs you have always done yourself. However, customers are struggling with the adoption of these tools. How do I do the jobs I used to do on the network with these new tools? That’s basically what some software companies are focused on. From a technical perspective, some vendors don’t talk to network elements directly.

This is because you could have over 15 tools touching the network, and part of the problem is that everyone is talking to the network with their CLI. As a result, inventory is out of date, network errors are common, and CMD is entirely off, so the ability to automate is restricted based on all these prebuilt silo legacy applications. For automation to work, a limited number of elements should be talking to the network. With the advent of controllers and orchestrators, we will see a market transition.

DevOps vs. Traditional

If you look back, when we went from time-division multiplexing (TDM) to Internet Protocol (IP) address, the belief is that network automation will eventually have the same impact. The ability to go from non-programmability to programmability will represent the most significant shift we will see in the networking domain.

Occasionally, architects design something complicated when it can be done in a less complex manner with a more straightforward handover. The architectural approach is never modeled or in a database. The design process is uncontrolled, yet the network is an essential centerpiece.

There is a significant use case for automating and controlling the design process. Automation is an actual use case that needs to be filled, and vendors have approached this in various ways. It’s not a fuzzy buzzword coming out of Silicon Valley. Intent-based networking? I’m sometimes falling victim to this myself. Is intent-based networking a new concept?

OpenDaylight (ODL)

I spoke to one vendor building an intent-based API on top of OpenDaylight (ODL). An intent-based interface has existed for five years, so it’s not a new concept to some. However, there are some core requirements for this to work: It has to be federated, programmable, and modeled.

Some have hijacked intent-based to a very restricted definition, and an intent-based network has to consist of highly complex mathematical algorithms. Depending on who you talk to, these mathematical algorithms are potentially secondary for intent-based networking.

One example of an architectural automation design is connecting to the northbound interface like Ansible. These act as trustworthy sources for the components under their management. You can then federate the application programming interface (API) and speak NETCONF, JSON, and YAML types. This information is then federated into a centralized platform that can provide a single set of APIs into the IT infrastructure.

So if you are using ServiceNow, you can request a through a catalog task. That task will then be patched down into the different subsystems that tie together that service management or device configuration. It’s a combination of API federation data modeling and performing automation.

The number one competitor of these automation companies is users who still want to use the CLI or vendors offering an adapter into a system. Yet, these are built on the foundation of CLIs. These adapters can call a representational state transfer (REST) interface but can’t federate it.

This will eventually break. You need to make an API call to the subsystem in real-time. As networking becomes increasingly dynamic and programmable, federated API is a suitable automation solution.

Brownfield Network Automation offers organizations a powerful opportunity to unlock the full potential of existing network infrastructure. By embracing automation, businesses can enhance operational efficiency, improve agility, and achieve cost savings. While challenges may exist, implementing best practices and taking a systematic approach can pave the way for a successful brownfield automation journey. Embrace the power of automation and revolutionize your network for a brighter future.

Summary: Brownfield Network Automation

In the ever-evolving world of technology, network automation has emerged as a game-changer, revolutionizing the way organizations manage and optimize their networks. While greenfield networks have been quick to adopt automation, brownfield networks present unique challenges with their existing infrastructure and complexities. This blog post explored the importance of brownfield network automation, its benefits, and practical strategies for successful implementation.

Understanding Brownfield Networks

Brownfield networks refer to existing network infrastructures that have been operating for some time. These networks often comprise a mix of legacy systems, diverse hardware and software vendors, and complex configurations. Unlike greenfield networks, which start from scratch, brownfield networks require a thoughtful approach to automation that considers their specific characteristics and limitations.

The Benefits of Brownfield Network Automation

Automating brownfield networks brings a plethora of benefits to organizations. Firstly, it enhances operational efficiency by reducing manual tasks, minimizing human errors, and streamlining network configurations. Automation also enables faster deployment of network services and facilitates scalability, allowing businesses to adapt swiftly to changing demands. Moreover, it improves network reliability and security by enforcing consistent configurations and proactively detecting and mitigating potential vulnerabilities.

Strategies for Successful Brownfield Network Automation

Successfully automating brownfield networks requires a well-planned approach. Here are some key strategies to consider:

1. Comprehensive Network Assessment: Begin by conducting a thorough assessment of the existing network infrastructure, identifying potential bottlenecks, legacy systems, and areas for improvement.

2. Define Clear Objectives: Establish specific automation goals and define key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure the effectiveness of the automation efforts. This clarity will guide the automation process and ensure alignment with business objectives.

3. Prioritize and Start Small: Identify critical network functions or processes that can benefit the most from automation. Start with smaller projects to build confidence, gain experience, and demonstrate the value of automation to stakeholders.

4. Choose the Right Automation Tools: Select automation tools compatible with the existing network infrastructure and provide the required functionality. Integration capabilities, ease of use, and vendor support should be key factors in the selection process.

5. Collaboration and Training: Foster collaboration between network operations and IT teams to ensure a smooth transition towards automation. Provide comprehensive training to enhance the skills of network engineers and equip them with the knowledge needed to manage and maintain automated processes effectively.

Conclusion

In conclusion, brownfield network automation holds immense potential for organizations seeking to optimize their network infrastructure. By understanding the unique challenges of brownfield networks, recognizing the benefits of automation, and implementing the right strategies, businesses can unlock improved operational efficiency, enhanced reliability, and increased agility. Embracing automation is not just a trend but a crucial step towards achieving a future-ready network infrastructure.